My Experience with Mother Hens and Their Families Essay Example for Free

My Experience with Mother Hens and Their Families Essay The motivation behind our haven on the Virginia Eastern Shore is to give a home to chickens who as of now exist, as opposed to adding to the populace and in this way lessening our ability to embrace more feathered creatures. Hence we don't permit our hens to incubate their eggs in the spring and late-spring as they would some way or another do, given their relationship with the chickens in our yard. The entirety of our flying creatures have been embraced from circumstances of surrender or misuse, or, more than likely they were not, at this point needed or ready to be thought about by their past proprietors. Our two-section of land haven is a fenced open yard that conceals into tangled lush regions loaded up with trees, hedges, vines, undergrowth and the dirt chickens love to scratch in lasting through the year. It additionally incorporates a few littler fenced walled in areas with chicken-wire rooftops, each with its own predator-verification house, for chickens who are slanted to fly over wall during chick-bring forth season, and along these lines be powerless against the raccoons, foxes, owls, possums and different predators occupying the forested areas and fields around us. I took in the most difficult way possible about the defenselessness of chickens to predators. Once, a hen named Eva, who had hopped the fence and been absent for a little while, returned toward the beginning of June with a brood of eight soft chicks. This allowed me to watch straightforwardly a portion of the maternal conduct I had perused such a great amount about. We had embraced Eva into our haven alongside a few different hens and a chicken appropriated during a cockfighting strike in Alabama. Watching Eva travel around the yard, outside the asylum fence with her minor brood not far behind her, resembled viewing a group of wild winged animals whose dull and brilliant plumes mixed splendidly with the forested areas and foliage they liquefied all through during the day. Occasionally, at the edge of the forested areas, Eva would hunch down with her quills puffed out, and her peeping chicks would all run under the care of her for solace and warmth. A couple of moments later, the fami ly was progressing once more. Since the beginning, hens have been applauded for their capacity to safeguard their young from an aggressor. I watched Eva do precisely this one day when a huge canine meandered before the magnolia tree where she and her chicks were rummaging. With her wings extended and bended menacingly toward the pooch, she surged at him again and again, clucking noisily, at the same time proceeding to push her chicks behind herself with her wings. The pooch stood stock stillâ before the energized mother hen, and before long sauntered away, yet Eva kept up her forceful stance of self-preservation, her sharp, tedious snicker and mindful post for a few minutes after he was no more. Eva’s conduct toward the pooch contrasted profoundly from her conduct toward me, exhibiting her capacity to recognize a presumable predator and somebody she saw as introducing no desperate danger to her and her chicks. She definitely knew me from the haven yard, and however I had never taken care of her separated from lifting her out of the box she’d showed up in from Alabama a while prior, when I began cautiously following her and her family, to get the nearest conceivable perspective on them, the most she did when she saw me coming was disintegrate with her brood into the forested areas or vanish under the magnolia tree. While she didn’t consider me to be especially risky, she by and by kept up a vigilant separation that, after some time, reduced to where she progressively brought her brood straight up to the asylum fence, moving toward the front strides of our home, and nearer and nearer to me however not very close at this time. At the point when she and her chicks were making the rounds, and I called to her, â€Å"Hey, Eva,† she’d rapidly gaze toward me, ready and alarm for a few seconds, before continuing her occupation. One morning, I looked outside hoping to see the little gathering in the dewy grass, yet they were not there. Realizing that mother raccoons slinked daily searching for nourishment for their own youths in the mid year, I tragically inferred they were the presumable explanation that I never observed my dear Eva and her chicks again. Inside the asylum, I broke the no chick-bring forth rule only a single time. After coming back from an excursion of a few days, I found that Daffodil, a delicate white hen with a sweet face and calm way, was settled somewhere down toward the edge of her home in a home she’d arranged from the straw sheet material on the soil floor. Seeing there were just two eggs under her, and dreading they may contain incipient organisms develop enough to have all around created sensory systems by at that point, I disregarded her. Half a month later on a warm day in June, I was dissipating new straw in the house close to hers, when out of nowhere I heard the littlest peeps. Thinking a sparrow was gotten inside, I ran toâ guide the winged animal out. Be that as it may, those peeps were not from a sparrow; they emerged from Daffodil’s corner. Modifying my eyes, I looked down into the dull spot where Daffodil was, and there I viewed the wellspring of the modest voice a little yellow face with dim splendid eyes was looking out of her plumes. I bowed down and gazed into the essence of the chick who looked eagerly back at me, before it shrouded itself, at that point looked out once more. I looked carefully into Daffodil’s face too, knowing as a matter of fact that looking at chickens is significant to shaping a trusting, neighborly relationship with them. In the event that chickens see individuals just from the angle of boots and shoes, and individuals don’t look at them without flinching and converse with them, no obligation of fellowship will be framed among human and fowl. I’ve seen this distinction communicated between hens we’ve embraced into our asylum from an egg creation office, for instance, and chickens brought to us as youthful winged animals or as someone’s previous pet. Previous egg-industry hens will in general glance back at me, not with that sharp, brilliant, direct focal point of a completely sure chicken, yet with an attentive darkness that no uncertainty to a limited extent mirrors their having spent their whole past lives in confines or on jam-packed floors in dull, dirtied structures that for all time influenced their eyes before going to our asylum. Mentally, it’s as though they’ve pulled down a little drape among themselves and individuals that doesn't forestall fellowship yet imbues their recuperation with a settled strain of dread. I’ll say all the more regarding these hens by and by. From the absolute initial, an enormous red chicken named Francis normally visited Daffodil and her chick in their settling spot, and Daffodil acted glad and substance to have him there. Much of the time, I discovered him discreetly sitting with her and the little chick, who mixed around them two, all through their plumes. In spite of the fact that chickens will mate with more than one hen in the group, a chicken and a hen will likewise shape bonds so solid that they will won't mate with any other individual. Would it be able to be that Francis was the dad of this chick and that he and Daffodil knew it? He positively was remarkably and personally engaged with the pair, and it wasn’t as if he was the head of theâ flock, the person who regulated the entirety of the hens and different chickens and was in this manner satisfying his obligation in that job. Or maybe, Francis appeared to be essentially to be an individual from this specific family. For the remainder of the mid year, Daffodil and her chick shaped a sort of charmed hover with a sacred space all around themselves, as they wandered together in the yard, undisturbed by different chickens. Not once did I see Francis or any of different chickens attempt to mate with Daffodil during the time she was raising her playful chick the little one I named Daisy who grew up to be Sir Daisy, an enormous, attractive chicken with white and brilliant earthy colored plumes.

How Do You Write an Evaluation Essay - How Do You Prepare For Evaluations?

How Do You Write an Evaluation Essay - How Do You Prepare For Evaluations?In any of your courses or assignments, you will come across a question on how do you write an evaluation essay? How do you use critical thinking skills? How do you make it as persuasive as possible? How do you structure your essay?The first tip on how to write an evaluation is that you should write for the purpose of finding out. Evaluation essays are very important as they decide whether or not a student gets the job. If you see the students writing a paper which tells you that the teacher thinks that the student is not good enough for that course, you will end up passing him or her over. What is important is the clarity and the thoughtfulness that one puts into writing a paper. It should be like one's opinion on his own self.You can only find out what is the best that a student can do if you are asking relevant points from him. So, what is the best way to do this? Write about your opinion. Well, if you write what you think, you will be more likely to have the students support you. You can not tell the student about your experiences if you don't share them with him.Another important tip on how to write an evaluation essay is to decide if it will be a short or long review of the semester. Short review may contain more points but they are short. Long review does not contain all the topics. So the best option would be to write the essay in such a way that both are intact.Just like in your daily life, you will always find something to discuss on your opinions. Even if it is on a small level, you will find yourself discussing it because the opinions come out and are expressed. Be itin school or at home, you always find things to talk about. And this can be done by talking about your opinion in the evaluation essay.The next tip on how to write an evaluation essay is to analyze the content of the paper you are writing. What is the major topic? What are the major topics?Evaluative essays in the present world are more like forums where people debate and disagree with one another. This is really interesting and should be taken into consideration. No student wants to read essays which are full of erroneous information. So the analysis is very important in this context.

Advertisements Are Manipulating Or Informing - 989 Words

Advertisements Are Manipulating or Informing Advertisement has taken a significant role in people’s daily lives. With the development of technological devices; it is impossible to escape from the advertisements. People now are surrounded by advertisements everywhere, on the TV screen, newspapers, magazines, and on the internet. Advertisements help people know information about the products and keep track of the new products. However, with all the advertising out there, advertising techniques have changed in several ways to grab the consumers’ attention and to keep the consumer’s loyalty to the product. According to James B. Twitchell’s article, â€Å"What We Are to Advertisers,† Twitchell said, â€Å"The object of advertising is not just to brand parity objects but also to brand consumers as they move through these various communities.† (Twitchell, 182) This describes why many of the advertisements now tend to be more manipulative than to be informative. Many people opposed to the idea that the advertisements are manipulating and they often argued that advertisements increase the consumers’ knowledge about the products. However, there are some evidences that advertisements are manipulating the consumers and influence their decisions by associating the product with feeling, using entertainers, and making the advertisement visually attractive. Firstly, opponents of the idea that advertisements are manipulating claim, that advertisements only provide the consumers with the basicShow MoreRelatedMedia s Impact On The Media895 Words   |  4 Pagescreating subpar programing, creating horse race political news coverage, advertisements boarding the viewers, and creation of viewer mistrust. These issues have been researched and the repercussions vast but most important in all of this is how these issues have effective votes during election season. Jon K. 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His mug shot would be on every TV screen, every hour.† Economics Advertisement is probably one of the best ways to manipulate costumer to buy something or do something. There are numerous ways of manipulating media consumers’ minds. People always watch TV, listen to radio, read newspapers, and, of course, see plenty of commercials. Television is a very helpful medium in selling productsRead MoreElection Campaign Essay1101 Words   |  5 Pagesturnout among the electorate through the specific implementations of direct voter contact methods such as phone calls, direct mail, and volunteer canvassers as well as maximizing the potential effects of other campaigns tactics such as television advertisement. Such research allows campaigns to identify areas in which limited resources such as capital and time can be allocated to achieve the maximal effect in terms of turnout and ultimately, votes. The research and work that these campaign professionalRead MoreAnalysis Of Tristan Harris s How Technology Has People s Minds- From A Magician And Google s Design Ethicist1614 Words   |  7 Pageswin, no matter what you choose†(Harris, Pg.3). This is exactly what magicians do, they make sure no matter what choice chosen that they are going to win. During this they make the individual feel important or special when really the magician is manipulating the situation. Apps on smartphones do the same thing. How often does the phone holder type an entry in to search and the suggestions are close to what is being asked? Not often, because these apps are manipulated to shape the menu. â€Å" The moreRead MoreThe Standard Of Beauty Portrayed By The Media1951 Words   |  8 Pagestoday. In society, young girls and women are being exposed to various forms of media, which are brainwashing them into believing beautiful women look a certain way. 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The art of manipulating opinion by simply entertaining or â€Å"informing† has become one of theRead MoreMedia s Impacts On Adolescent Girls2075 Words   |  9 Pagesbeauty looks like and develop themselves around this image, attempting to fit an unrealistic and objectified standard of beauty and fulfill the expectations of men and society that, in effect, harms their body image. Models in today’s media and advertisements have to fit a certain weight requirement, a figure shown all over the media that has influenced adolescent girls to fit an anemic size. Runway models in fashion magazines and television in the last decade have become increasingly thinner. TheyRead MoreHow Consumerism Changed The City London2342 Words   |  10 PagesMckendrick, Brewer and Plumb (1982) studied the eighteenth century explosion as the trendy use of consumer goods. This was two dynamics that had influenced the advancement of consumerism in Europe. Since its own inception, it is seen as a technique of manipulating the masses. Consumerism was a strategy developed in the USA in order to create a democratic consumer society based on consumption of mass produced possessions. Freud (1920) psychoanalytic theory declared that in order to manipulate the masses,Read MoreMedia And Its Impact On Politics2005 Words   |  9 Pagesfor good stories where the presidential candidates ar e doing something unexpected like that. He and many other people have manipulated social media in this way. Instead of using social media for good by informing people they have abused the system and attack and provoked others instead of informing with facts or good information to back up their beliefs. This is a bad way people are using social media because instead of trying to state their points and explain why they believe our country should be

The Accomplishments Of John F. Kennedy - 1504 Words

When John Fitzgerald Kennedy was inaugurated on Jan. 20, 1961, he became the youngest man ever elected as President of the United States, as well as the first Roman Catholic. With his combination of charm, good looks, and a youthful vitality, he inspired Americans to serve, saying, â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country† (Olugbemiga). Although his presidency was brief, Kennedy established the Peace Corps, grew the space program, stood up to Russian aggression in the Cold War, and showed outstanding leadership during the Civil Rights Movement. Kennedy’s election in 1960 represented a changing of the guard. At forty-three, he was the first President to be born in the twentieth century (Schlesinger 112), and he was a symbol of America’s future. He was â€Å"young, confident, and forward-looking† (Randall 41). Young adults, in particular, seemed to connect with him, and Kennedy instinctively sensed this. As a way of reaching out to this age group, one of the first things Kennedy did in his Presidency was to establish the Peace Corps, a volunteer program that sent young Americans abroad in an effort to promote friendship and world peace (Olugbemiga). The Peace Corps was so successful that it is still in existence to this day. The growth of the American space program was another of Kennedy’s important accomplishments. Spurred by the Soviet’s success in launching the first man into outer space, Kennedy wanted toShow MoreRelatedJohn F. Kennedy s Accomplishments1452 Words   |  6 PagesAs John F. Kennedy once said, those who dare to fail miserably can achieve greatly. Many famous figures in American history made tremendous contributions to create what our country is today. John F. Kennedy deserves lifetime achievement award because he impacted the United States by launching Sputnik into space, tackling communism, and bravely approaching the Cuban Missile Crisis. 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Kennedy: An Influential Person Essay1335 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy led the start of a new era in human history. He was born on May 29, 1917 in the small Boston suburb of Brookline, Massachusetts. He majored in government and international relations at Harvard University. In 1961 Kennedy served as President until his assassination in 1963. John F. Kennedy influenced and touched the lives of people everywhere through his efforts with the Apollo 11 space mission, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the founding of the Peace Corps. Kennedy wasRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy1746 Words   |  7 Pagesto achieve the seemingly impossible, this president is able to transcend the limitations of the executive office itself. President John F Kennedy was masterful at this skill and the words he spoke and the dreams he invited us to share are as powerful today as they ever were. Our cultural memory of John F. Kennedy was shaped within a very narrow time frame. Kennedy, born in 1917, was only forty-six years old, when he was assassinated. He had served less than three years as president of the UnitedRead MoreThe Start of the American Revolution Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesOn April 19, 1775 seven hundred British troops marched to take control and command the American arsenal and to capture Patriot leaders Samuel Adams and John Hancock. (History.com. 1996-2013) A man named Paul Revere saw the British and quickly went ahead to warn the Patriots. This gave the Americans the little time they needed to assemble thei r minutemen; these were men and boys who could be ready at a minutes notice to defend and fight, they were picked because of their strength, wits and reliabilityRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy s Speech871 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"John F. Kennedy was elected in 1960 as the 35th president of the United States. At 43-years-old JFK became the youngest man and the first Roman Catholic to hold that office.† President John F. Kennedy gave his inaugural address on Friday, January 20, 1961. In his speech he addresses many issues faced by society during that time, as well as today. Kennedy expresses his presidential intentions by saying â€Å"Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear anyRead MoreThe Leadership Styles And Behavioral Analysis1532 Words   |  7 Pagesfuture† -John F. Kennedy, 35th US President. This paper describes about the Leadership styles and Behavioral analysis of former U.S. president John F. Kennedy. Elected in 1960 as the 35th president of the United States, John F. Kennedy was the youngest man to hold that office. He was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts to Joseph P. Kennedy, a self-made multimillionaire who led the Exchange commission and securities under Franklin D. Roosevelt and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. He parlayedRead MoreAnalysis Of John F Kennedy Speech867 Words   |  4 Pagespeople he’s touched, and from snapshots of his accomplishments. John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address of 1961, his most famous speech, â€Å"Inside Kennedy’s Inauguration, 50 Years On†, an article by Eleanor Clift that gives a detailed description of the president’s inauguration, and an image, â€Å"Inauguration of John F. Kennedy†, by the United States Army Corp, all convey the impact of John F. Kennedy in their own unique fashion. The legacy of John Fitzgerald Kennedy is expressed through a variety of similar and

Junior Year Abroad by Luisa Lopez Essay Example For Students

Junior Year Abroad by Luisa Lopez Essay Reading the poem Junior Year Abroad by Luisa Lopez was like a flashback to a memory I did not want to recollect. Its about a young woman living in Paris for her Junior year and breaking a promise she had once made. She left a loved one back at home and while living in Paris, met someone new and the feelings she once had for her first lover, dissipated. This old lover comes to visit her for Christmas and her attitude towards him shows change; change of personality. Her dreams defined what her mind could not establish. Those dreams were the only freedom she had to express how she felt inside a trapped memory. I spent my freshman year of college in Madrid, Spain: it was quite an experience, and in living there I met the first love of my life: Amin. He was from morocco, foreign and extremely good at the art of seduction. Instead of having a loved one come to me went away. I went back home for Spring break and ended up meeting someone else. I didnt fall in love, but when I got back to Madrid, I just didnt feel it anymore. I respond to the work through my own personal experience of changes in emotions through the misconception of love. We were amateurs, that winter in Paris. (Lopez 59) They were amateurs at the difficult game of Love. Through that misconception that they were young and still yet amateurs, they did not really know what they were doing. I think I fell in love with Amin, but I was young, I was 18 I didnt know what I was talking about. I met someone else, went to a different environment and changed my mind. She did too. The invited man snored beside me not knowing I didnt love him anymore. (Lopez 59) She calls him the invited man meaning, she had once loved him and invited him into her life. But her tone changes when she said that he was beside me not knowing I didnt love him anymore, he doesnt know that her feelings changed. It is very lonesome to wake up next to someone that you dont love, anymore. Even before waking up, before laying in bed with that unwanted man, she fell asleep and dreamt: betrayal, the snake under the evergreen, threw me into nightmares of floods and dying birds. (Lopez 59) That snake can symbolize sin, like offering temptation but leading to nightmares. Mares of floods and birds facing death represent a morbidity in her tone. She almost makes the feeling of love, seem horrible and deadly. In Paris I concede: deceiving my old lover, the one now stirring in his sleep is even more dangerous (Lopez 59) She can sense the danger that will eventually come out of her, and the deception that lies inside, will awaken if she continues to be with her old lover. When realizing this danger, she mocks at the sexual glimpse of this lovers eyes, knowing that if she felt for his seduction, she would bury herself deeper in guilt. It is the feeling of guilt that installs itself inside one who once thought they loved. Feelings change with the passage of time and she allows her old boyfriend to perceive that. When they are lying in bed, she says when I move away and hold the sheet against myself he, sensing what this means, refuses, adamant yet polite, to traffic in the currency of my rejection. (Lopez 60) By simply moving away, that one act, makes him realize that there is rejection there and what was in the past stays in the past. .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0 , .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0 .postImageUrl , .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0 , .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0:hover , .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0:visited , .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0:active { border:0!important; } .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0:active , .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0 .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uabc940f708e71fc6bfeb9ec94d3049e0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Transformation of Simon Armitage poem Untitled EssayHe didnt continue implying himself on her he politely stopped. Finishing her poem, the author adds a rhetorical question to allow, perhaps herself, to see what variety love brings you and that one should fight for it. He made a journey. I offered a welcome. Why should he give me up? (Lopez 60) She fell for him, she offered herself to him. He went all the way to see her, so then why would he give her up? Does she want him to continue pursuing her? The author, by using a rhetorical question, allows the reader to come up with their own ending for a story such as this. Love is really difficult to explain, and since I am so young, and so inexperienced there is not much I can say about it. The narrator in Luisa Lopez Junior Year Abroad played the game of love and with a break in between, she was able to find what she really wanted, and it didnt include her old lover. My response to this poem is done through a similar personal experience as the narrator and therefore, I may relate to her nostalgic and morbid thoughts during the process of change in emotion.

Trx Case Essay Example

Trx Case Essay 1. How does the strategic repositioning of the company and the use of the IPO as an exit for minority shareholders affect the attractiveness of the IPO? The strategic repositioning of the company was to gradually shift away and exist from customer care which TRX generated more than 50% in 2000, and Davis’s long term strategy was to focus on the higher margin sectors, such as data transaction and integrations. By shifting away from customer care, of course would reduce operational cost and increase bottom line for the company but I think it would affect the attractiveness of the IPO in negative way. If I was an investor I would be in agreement with TRX only if they were reducing the customer care due to the high operating cost, but I mean reducing, not totally exist. In the service based company, interacting with end consumers is critical even know it has lower margin but the company should be able to profit from it, if it continues to operate in the future which I believe would create higher customer satisfaction and strong long term relationship with end-consumers. Davis decided to use the strategy to make the financial data looking good or positioning the company for the IPO which he knows that he was going to do in the future because the company need capital to support the firm’s growth, however to exist a sector was not good way to start with the risk that they might have lower customer satisfaction, as the company went IPO, any negative issues would tank the company’s shares if they were not in good relation with end consumers. We will write a custom essay sample on Trx Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Trx Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Trx Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Davis had chance to improve the attractiveness of the IPO, he had two options; first one was go ahead with the IPO at the lower price of $9 per share, then he had to deal with Hogg Robinson whose intention was to exit TRX, and Sabre whose was in its best interest to sever the relationship with TRX. Their lack of agreement would eventually block the IPO, in order to prove the attractiveness of the IPO; Davis has to convince those two companies to agree upon the price so the proper managerial plan could carry forward. Second, David would just wait for some time to grow the company and complete the exit from the customer care business before the next IPO attempt while increase higher margin businesses. The use of the IPO as an exit for minority shareholders would eventually help the company better alignment of his stakeholders while offering liquidity for those minority shareholders an â€Å"easy out† which would increase the attractiveness of the IPO for small investors. 1. Estimate a preliminary file range for TRX’s shares. CSFB had prepared a valuation of the file price range by comparing TRX to comparable publicly traded companies, there are really no direct competitors as a result there were not going to be perfect comparable company. The methods CSFB and TRX’s management believed are best for them are both enterprise and price earnings multiples which would bring the company credit for its strong cash flow and an improving earnings outlook. In the EXHIBIT 9, by using enterprise multiple methods which a measure of a companys value, often used as an alternative to straightforward market capitalization. Enterprise value is calculated as market cap plus debt, minority interest and preferred shares minus total cash and cash equivalents. Base on the result estimated from 2005-2006, the enterprise for online travel sector were around 15, for Payment Processors were about 10 and for distribution is around 7. The calculation is based on CSFB’s financial projections on its own research and forecasts of TRX’s business, and is more conservative if compared to TRX’s management’s forecasting. The second method is price earnings, it is a valuation of a company’s current share price compared to its per share earnings and we calculated it by taking market value per share divided it by earnings per share, the ratio for online travel is around 25, for payment processors is about 20, for distribution is around 17, a high price earning suggests that investors are expecting higher earnings growth in the future compared to companies with a lower price earnings. For those two methods, a 15% discount was applied to this equity value based on the banker’s belief that a newly public firm would not trade at the same value as a seasoned firm. The proposed IPO filing ranged based on analysis should be set at least $11 to $13 per share. However, due to the investor demand during the time of TRX’s road show were really low, and the final IPO offer price will have to be $9 in order to attract more or enough investors. Technology changes so fast and brutal to make it more serious, Davis’s long term goal as discussed in question 4 might not be as good as it really is due the uncertainties of being in such shifting and fast moving tech world, it is very likely that TRX might or ight not fail, we don’t know but if the company did not keep up with the skilled workforce and future prospects, it would put the company in a very difficult position even after IPO, if they are lucky, there could be some big investor jump in and take over the company but the chance are too low because TRX’s is still too young in terms of operation, and even know that the revenue have been steadily increasing, the net income we re still negative and there were too many I considered red flags in the financial statement, for example, goodwill on TRX’s balance sheet have increased dramatically from 2003-2004, and current portion of long term debt almost 7 times as higher than previous year, all those factors be main contributor to the future’s success of the company. One last thing is that while the TRX is going public, two of its main investors want to exit; if I am an investor, I wouldn’t want to invest in the company. 2. Given the situation Davis faced in September 2005, what would you recommend that he do with respect to the offering? The situation Davis faced in September 2005 was tough, but the situation could be solved if he could convince Hogg Robinson, and Sabre which I recommend him to signify all the positive aspects of TRX such that they have strong relationship between majority shareholder in BCD technology, and present the fact that due to the 911 incident, the travel industry had experienced some serious headwinds and should be recover as matter of time soon in the future and company will started to make profit if IPO is successfully launched, and proper managerial plan is implemented. Besides, some strength such that its ability to automate and engineer travel and travel related processes, if Hogg Robinson and Sabre agreed to the $9 price, then Davis should proceed with the IPO which will help TRX to raise capital to support growth and accelerate the transition away from customer care, when the company started to grow so their stock price should start to increase too therefore making up the difference of the company’s expectation. I would recommend him do whatever he could at his best to proceed the IPO and I think it is the best option for the company. Otherwise chose the second option which is to withdraw the IPO and allow TRX time to grow and complete the exit from the customer care businesses, and some of TRX’s operational uncertainty would also be reduced because the time might not be right as Delta and Northwest Airlines declared bankruptcy and the overall difficulties and risk as being a technology company. The first dimension be a proper fit, TRX cannot define all major problems and issues that is facing probing and analytical investment, and its products and services were only few, the information about the future perspective of the company given by the Davis were too simple, the only thing that he mentioned again and again is that the company need capital to expand and support growth. The company has the working capital deficit almost four times higher by comparing from 2001-2005 and two investment companies for TRX have declared they want to exit even when the TRX want go to public which would indicate that there are something wrong within the company or perhaps they just aren’t in agreement about that fact that the company is going public so TRX is not proper fit in the first dimension. Second, sharing of ownership seems to be a bit problem, as Davis have indicated that going public offered liquidity for minority shareholders, and lead to a better alignment of his stakeholde rs. As what it sounds like that Davis did not really want to give up majority of its shares to other companies therefore is not fit on this dimension too. Third dimension is investors appeal, Davis and TRX management met with investment bank which they selected Credit Suisse First Boston because CSFB had strong analyst coverage in the online travel and data transaction sector which Davis believed would help investors understand TRX’s business model therefore they do fit in this dimension in terms of helping investors to understand their business model. Fourth one is the amount raised in capital for the company, Davis decided to officially start the IPO process with a proposed IPO of 6. 8 million shares of common stock, 3. 4 million primary share, and 3. 4 million secondary shares. Even though they have all the shares planed out, Davis did not give any clear idea of how much the company really need to expand and how much ownership he is willing to abandon, as a result I will state that TRX did not meeting this dimension. Fifth, the purpose and timing of the IPO, Davis has been thinking about going public since 2000, but due to the dot-come bubble burst, he was forced to abandon its IPO. After carefully exam the technology IPO market performance, Davis finally decided to file an S-1 registration statement with the U. S. SEC. on May 9, 2005. In term of purpose and timing, Davis has been very carefully, I think that he knows that he needs this success in IPO in order to support the company.

Womens Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment

Women's Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment After the American Civil War, several legal challenges faced the newly-reunited nation. One was how to define a citizen so that former slaves, and other African Americans, were included. (The Dred Scott decision, before the Civil War, had declared that black people had no rights which the white man was bound to respect.) The citizenship rights of those who had rebelled against the federal government or who had participated in secession were also in question. One response was the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, proposed on June 13, 1866, and ratified July 28, 1868. The Fight for Postwar Rights During the Civil War, the developing womens rights movement had largely put their agenda on hold, with most of the womens rights advocates supporting the Union efforts. Many of the womens rights advocates had been abolitionists as well, and so they eagerly supported the war which they believed would end slavery. When the Civil War ended, womens rights advocates expected to take up their cause once again, joined by the male abolitionists whose cause had been won. But when the Fourteenth Amendment was proposed, the womens rights movement split over whether to support it as a means of finishing the job of establishing full citizenship for the freed slaves and other African Americans. Beginnings: Adding Male to the Constitution Why was the Fourteenth Amendment controversial in womens rights circles? Because, for the first time, the proposed Amendment added the word male into the US Constitution. Section 2, which dealt explicitly with voting rights, used the term male. And womens rights advocates, especially those who were promoting suffrage, or the granting of the vote to women, were outraged. Some womens rights supporters, including Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, and Frederick Douglass, supported the Fourteenth Amendment as essential to guaranteeing black equality and full citizenship, even though it was flawed in only applying voting rights to males. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton led the efforts of some womens suffrage supporters to try to defeat both the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments because the Fourteenth Amendment included the offensive focus on male voters. When the Amendment was ratified, they advocated, without success, for a universal suffrage amendment. Each side of this controversy saw the others as betraying basic principles of equality: supporters of the 14th Amendment saw the opponents as betraying efforts for racial equality, and opponents saw the supporters as betraying efforts for the equality of the sexes. Stone and Howe founded the American Woman Suffrage Association and a paper, the Womans Journal. Anthony and Stanton founded the National Woman Suffrage Association and began publishing the Revolution. The rift would not be healed until, in the late years of the 19th century, the two organizations merged into the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Myra Blackwell and Equal Protection Though the second article of the  Fourteenth Amendment  introduced the word male into the Constitution in respect to voting rights, nevertheless some womens rights advocates decided that they could make a case for womens rights including suffrage on the basis of the first article of the Amendment, which did not distinguish between males and females in granting citizenship rights. The case of Myra Bradwell was one of the first to advocate for use of the 14th Amendment to defend womens rights. Bradwell had passed the Illinois law exam, and a circuit court judge and a state attorney had each signed a certificate of qualification, recommending that the state grant her a license to practice law. However, the Supreme Court of Illinois denied her application on October 6, 1869. The court took into consideration the legal status of a woman as a femme covert- that is, as a married woman, Myra Bradwell was legally disabled. She was, under the common law of the time, prohibited from owning property or entering into legal agreements. As a married woman, she had  no legal existence apart from her husband. Myra Bradwell challenged this decision. She took her case back to the Illinois Supreme Court, using the Fourteenth Amendments equal protection language in the first article to defend her right to choose a livelihood. In her brief, Bradwell wrote, that it is one of the privileges and immunities of women as citizens to engage in any and every provision, occupation or employment in civil life. While the Bradwell case raised the possibility that the 14th Amendment could justify womens equality, the Supreme Court were not ready to agree. In a much-quoted concurring opinion, Justice Joseph P. Bradley wrote: It certainly cannot be affirmed, as a historical fact, that [the right to choose ones profession] has ever been established as one of the fundamental privileges and immunities of the sex. Instead, he wrote, The paramount destiny and mission of women are to fulfill the noble and benign offices of wife and mother. Minor, Happersett, Anthony, and Womens Suffrage While the second article of the  Fourteenth Amendment  to the Constitution  specified certain voting rights connected with males only, womens rights advocates decided that the first article could be used instead to support the full citizenship rights of women. In a strategy carried out by the more radical wing of the movement, led by Anthony and Stanton,  womens suffrage  supporters attempted to cast ballots in 1872.  Anthony  was among those who did so; she was  arrested and convicted  for this action. Another woman,  Virginia Minor, was turned away from the St. Louis polls when she tried to vote⠁  - and her husband, Frances Minor, sued Reese Happersett, the registrar. (Under femme covert presumptions in the law, Virginia Minor could not sue in her own right.) The Minors brief argued that There can be no halfway citizenship. Woman, as a citizen in the United States, is entitled to all the benefits of that position, and liable to all its obligations, or to none. Once again, the Fourteenth Amendment was used to try to ground arguments for womens equality and the right as citizens to vote and hold office⠁  - but the courts did not agree. In a unanimous decision, the United States Supreme Court in  Minor v. Happersett  found that women born or naturalized in the United States were indeed American citizens, and that they always had been even before the Fourteenth Amendment. But the Supreme Court also found that voting was not one of the privileges and immunities of citizenship, and therefore states need not grant voting rights or suffrage to women. Reed v. Reed Applies the Amendment to Women In 1971, the Supreme Court heard arguments in the case of  Reed v. Reed. Sally Reed had sued when Idaho law presumed that her estranged husband should be automatically selected as executor of the estate of their son, who had died without naming an executor. The Idaho law stated that males must be preferred to females in choosing estate administrators. The Supreme Court, in an opinion written by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, decided that the  Fourteenth Amendment  did prohibit such unequal treatment on the basis of sex⠁  - the first US Supreme Court decision to apply the Fourteenth Amendments equal protection clause to gender or sexual distinctions. Later cases have refined the application of the Fourteenth Amendment to sex discrimination, but it was more than 100 years after passage of the Fourteenth Amendment before it was finally applied to womens rights. Expanding Rights in Roe v. Wade In 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court found in  Roe v. Wade  that the Fourteenth Amendment restricted, on the basis of the Due Process clause, the governments ability to restrict or prohibit abortions. Any criminal abortion statute that did not take into account the stage of pregnancy and other interests than merely the life of the mother was deemed to be a violation of due process. Text of the Fourteenth Amendment The entire text of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, proposed on June 13, 1866, and ratified on July 28, 1868, is as follows: Section. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.Section. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.Section. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.Section. 4. The validity of the public deb t of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.Section. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. Text of the Fifteenth Amendment Section. 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.Section. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.