Wedding Speech - Best Woman or Maid of Honor :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Wedding Speech – Best Woman or Maid of Honor Good Evening! For those of you who don’t know me, I am Sarah, Frankie’s slightly older sister. I want to start by congratulating Frankie and Erik, and thanking all of you for coming here today. I of course have known Frankie, a very, very long time. Frankie and I have always been pretty much inseparable as long as I can remember and we have always managed to keep each other laughing. I vividly remember Frankie and I staying up until well past our bedtime, throwing stuffed animals at each other, talking about boys and laughing so hard at everything and anything. To this day Frankie is the only person I know that can make me laugh so hard it hurts. Now, I of course have lots and lots of fun embarrassing stories about her†¦but because it is her special day, I will leave her alone. But there is always Erik†¦Erik, Erik, Erik. The big bonus of Frankie and Erik dating as long as they have is that we have all gotten to know Erik really well, really, really well†¦he has become the big brother I never had†¦ or wanted. But honestly he has really become a part of our family. He hunts, drinks beer, and wears flannel so it wasn’t too much of a stretch. Now, I have been trying for weeks to come up with a single embarrassing story, something about meeting Erik for the first time, or the first time he met our family, and frankly I came up with nothing. Erik has always been polite, kind, and funny to everyone†¦EVERYONE†¦frankly man it’s a little spooky.

Ethics of Marketing to Schools in America Essay

Public schools across America are struggling with their budgets and looking to outside corporations for help. Conveniently, private corporations realize the potential buying power of students and have decided that elementary schools are the best channel to reach them. It has become routine for corporations to market there products in schools, and in exchange these schools receive various financial benefits. This new partnership has become the focus of much controversy as 80% of Americans feel that corporations should have no place in schools (). The two most cited concerns are the health of children and the growing commercialization of schools. This paper looks at this issue in detail by answering the following two questions. Is it ethical for corporations to market products in schools? What is the most socially responsible course of action for corporations to take? This paper will use a utilitarian and distributive justice framework to prove that marketing in schools is unethical and propose that the most ethical arrangement is to make schools commercial-free zones. This paper will also discuss the issue of corporate social responsibility through shareholder and stakeholder lenses to prove that there is a strong business case for corporations to? Children in schools are marketed to in a variety of ways. Schools can participate in incentive programs where a school receives funds to take part in a specific activity such as collecting box tops (). Some corporations offer free educational materials to schools that promote their corporate message. Pepsi encourages a â€Å"thirst for knowledge† on a popular textbook cover(). Each year over half of the students in schools in the United States receive free textbook covers(). McDonalds, Burger King and Dominos sponsor reading projects in schools with free meals(). Other schools receive free electronic equipment like computers and satellites for participating in programs like channel one. This is an arrangement where school receive free electronic equipment for having their students watch a 10 minute broadcast of which 2 minutes are corporate sponsored commercials (). All of these marketing techniques pose there own unique ethical dilemmas, however the most controversial type of marketing in schools today is the use of exclusive agreements. This is when corporations give schools a percentage of their profits in exchange for the right to be the sole provider of a product or a service(). The most prominent example of this is the soft drink company, Coca-Cola and their exclusive distribution rights with schools. As a result, Coca-Cola advertisements have become the most visible types of advertisements in schools today (). A US National School Health Policies study found that students could purchase soft drinks in 60% of elementary schools and 83% of middle schools (). Of these schools over 85% were under an exclusive contract with the Coca-Cola company (). For the aforementioned reasons the remainder of this paper will use the soft drink giant Coca Cola as a symbol to make it easier to understand the larger debate of marketing in elementary schools. A deontological framework can not determine whether this issue is ethical or unethical. In 1990 under $100 million was spent on advertising targeted at kids, just a decade later that number was up more than twenty times to over $2 billion (). This large increase in spending indicates that there is a strong motivation for corporations to market to youth. One way to determine if marketing in schools is ethical is to deconstruct these motivations through a deontological framework. The motivation for companies to market in schools could be a philanthropic opportunity to contribute to education. However, I do not believe this because companies like Coca-Cola make schools sign exclusive agreements, which means that they block competition and are profitable. I believe the main motive for companies to market to youth is to make money. Marketing to students in schools is an effective strategy as it reaps both short and long term rewards. Children in elementary schools have a lot of spending power. Kids ages 4-12 spend $40 billion each year (). Furthermore, these same kids influence $600 billion of household spending (). It is wise for companies to try to earn a share of this large market. Surprisingly, the sales of sodas in schools account for a miniscule slice of soda sales worldwide, less than 1 percent of soda’s 66billion dollar industry (). Clearly profit in the short run is not the main motivating factor for companies like Coca-Cola. Marketing in public elementary school promises long run benefits. Soft drink companies can create brand loyalty with their consumers at an early age. In other words, they foster and retain a captive audience for its products. If you consider the cutthroat competition among soft drink makers for customers, this brand loyalty becomes a vital business pursuit. A deontological framework can better help us deconstruct the ehics of marketing to youth purely for financial reasons. Specifically, this paper will employ some of W. D. Ross’ duties. It can be argued that marketing in schools violates the duty of non-malefiicence (to do no harm). Some children will substitute a nutritious meal for a sugar laden soda. That is harmful to their health. Marketing in schools also violates the duty of gratitude. It does not thank customers for their business by protecting their health. Instead, companies like Coca-Cola continue to aggressively market their unhealthy product to vulnerable youth. On the other hand, if one considers a corporation a person, then a corporation fulfils Ross’s duty of self-improvement by marketing in schools. It improves its own condition by increasing its profits in the short and the long run. Additionally, if a company honestly abides by the contract it signs with a school then it is upholding Ross’s duty of fidelity. The framework of deontology is inadequate to determine the ethics of marketing in schools because it presents us with conflicting duties and no hierarchy to put them into. There is an incompatible difference between the various duties. However, this situation did not become controversial simply because some believe that a corporation might have bad ethics, instead people are worried about the consequences of marketing in schools. A utilitarian framework shows us that marketing in schools is unethical. Marketing in elementary school is controversial because it offers many direct benefits to schools, but negatively impact students. Through a utilitarian framework this paper will deconstruct the pros and cons of the scenario to determine whether marketing in schools is ethical. This paper will conduct a cost-benefit analysis to determine what results in the greatest good for the greatest number of people. The main players that benefit in this scenario are schools, shareholders of the Coca-Cola company, and employees. All of these players benefit in financial terms. Vending machines are a valuable source of revenue for schools. They support programs that might otherwise go unfunded. Elementary schools have reason to be concerned about their finances, the state of California cut the elementary school budget by $10 billion dollars in 2003 (). If a school district signs an exclusive contract with a soft-drink company it can generate an additional $3 million per year (). School districts receive all of this money for virtually no additional work on there part. This is why the cliche that: â€Å"one day our schools will have all the money they need, and the Air Force will have to hold a bake sale to buy a bomber† could become true (). Company shareholders benefit in the long run if we assume that marketing in schools create brand loyalty among consumers. Company employees also benefit from the sales of sodas in schools, simply because their company is continuing to be competitive in the marketplace and provide work for them. However, the positive impact of selling sodas in schools impacts company employees considerably less than other players in this scenario, because these employees will not be receiving a pay raise as a result of this practice. While there are some positive effects of marketing in schools, I feel that the cons greatly outweigh the benefits. Students bear the burden of the negative effects of marketing in schools. Marketing to youth perpetrates problems of childhood obesity, materialism, eating disorders, violence, and family stress (). This is especially problematic because children are more cognitively immature and prone to believe that products marketed in school carry their school’s endorsement. For instance, if a school sells soda it signifies that it is acceptable to consume drinks that are high in sugar and have poor nutritional quality. A child’s health is not an acceptable trade-off for increased revenues. Childhood obesity is an epidemic in America. One-quarter of children in the United States are overweight which means they are at risk for lifelong health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and cavities (). Competitors also suffer in this scenario because ? exclusive agreements’ create a monopoly on a school and therefore promote unfair competition and can charge whatever price they want. The difficulty of examining ethics from a utilitarian perspective is that is impossible to predict the future. It is not clear how much the financial revenue schools gain from executive agreements helps them to fulfill their purpose of teaching. It is also not clear how high the correlation is between marketing in schools and negative outcomes like obesity. What is known is that most of the negative consequences (and there are a lot of them) fall on the shoulders of the students. Having the burden of this issue fall on the shoulders of millions of students nationwide is bad for society as a whole. Children need to be educated in a healthy atmosphere so that they can become productive members of society one day. It is detrimental to the future if children are not provided with the best learning environment possible. The best learning environment possible is one that is free from commercial influences. The Distributive Justice framework shows that monopolies are unethical. According to John Rawls we should determine ethical dilemmas like whether marketing in schools is ethical by making the decision from behind a â€Å"veil of ignorance. † The distributive justice framework tries to ensure that the interests of the worst off in society are considered. According to this theory, students well-being should be put before business interests because students are the most vulnerable group in this scenario. However, there is an inherent conflict of interest within this framework. Corporations believe that marketing in schools is ethical because they are exercising their 1st amendment right to free speech. Everybody has this right, thus they are utilizing the equal liberty principle: equal rights to liberties as long as all may be provided such liberties. The problem is that not even all corporations are being provided the liberty of free speech. As previously mentioned Coca Cola has an exclusive agreement with 85% of elementary schools in America, this is just a nice way to say that Coca Cola has a monopoly on the elementary school market (). Companies that engage in exclusive distributive contracts are trying to block competitors. They can not justify this action on the ground that they need to do this to spur innovation, they want a monopoly so they can control the school market. Thus the difference principle comes into play because the inequality that these companies are creating in the market place needs to be addressed. The most ethical thing to do is to make schools commercial free zones. Marketing in schools is unethical. The most ethical thing to do is to make elementary schools commercial-free zones. Students should be able to pursue learning free of commercial influences and pressures. Eighty percent of adults in the United States agree that schools should be commercial-free zones as well (). While this may be the most ethical course of action, it seems highly unlikely as marketing in schools has become entrenched. Schools continually need more money and the government is unable to provide it. If marketing in schools must continue at the very least it should be regulated. It does not seem probable that the industry will regulate itself, so it should be subject to more government oversight. Right now there is very little the government has done to restrict marketing in schools. Laws forbidding it are perceived to be a breach of the 1st amendment. A study found that only nineteen states currently have statues or regulations that address school-related commercial activities (). This number includes states that have statues that encourage commercial activities. The government should establish an independent commission to regulate marketing in public schools. This agency should make regulations that encourage schools to provide a healthy learning environment for students. The agency could regulate the sale of foods high in fat, sodium, and sugars. For example, it could decide that vending machines can not be stocked with sodas; however juices (100%) and water could still be sold. There would be greater social acceptance of this issue if it were implemented more appropriately. The business case for CSR prevails. This paper has established that the most ethical thing for corporations to do is to stop marketing to students in schools, or at the very least to regulate what they market to children. If a company were to stop marketing to children for the aforementioned ethical considerations it would be following a normative line of reasoning. The company would be interested in doing the right thing for society with little regard for how the proposition would effect its own bottom line. While I would applaud its efforts on a moral basis, this would be a very poor reason to engage in Corporate Social Responsibility. There needs to be a business incentive for corporations to engage in Corporate Social Responsibility. A company has to be successful financially if it is going to survive in the long run. However, there is always a business case for corporate social responsibility with respect to companies that sell consumer products. In the long run the closer a company aligns with the values of society the more successful it will be. Good ethics and good business are mutually reinforcing. In this case 80% of society wants commercial-free schools or at least commercialism that is regulated. It is socially responsible for a company to accommodate the wishes of society because it is in their long run interest to build a good reputation. A company like Coca-cola may be more successful at recruiting, retaining, and engaging with its employees and customers if it demonstrates that it is socially responsible. Critics might argue that this is just mere â€Å"window dressing. † However, a good reputation leads to higher sales in the long run. Both shareholder and stakeholder frameworks would support the business case for corporate social responsibility in this scenario. Milton Freidman is an advocate of the shareholder theory which maintains that a companies corporate social responsibility is to maximize profits without breaking the law or violating basic rules of society. Coca-Cola is not breaking any laws by marketing in schools, it is merely exercising its first amendment right to free speech. It is also not violating any social norms, children get to choose whether they want to buy unhealthy products. On one hand it may seem that Freidman would say that corporations should continue to market in schools because they are making a profit and therefore helping society. However Freidman would agree that companies need to balance there short term gains against their long-term interest. In this case, Freidman would advocate for the restriction of marketing in schools because it is in the long run self-interest of the company because companies like Coca-Cola needs to reassure their customers that they care about them. . An alternative approach to corporate social responsibility is the stakeholder theory. This theory maintains that companies should balance the interests of all stakeholders involved. In this scenario the stakeholders would be the students (customers), parents, teachers, corporations, suppliers, employees, shareholders, and society. Students are harmed by marketing in schools because marketing is correlated with problems like obesity and materialism. On the other hand these same students benefit because their schools are receiving additional funding for programs. Parents suffer because they have less control over what their children are exposed to, and it could undermine their values. Shareholders may benefit in the short run from marketing in schools, but in the long run the values of the company must be aligned with society if it is going to succeed. Therefore, the stakeholder theory would advocate a business case for Corporate Social Responsibility as well: to limit marketing in schools. Marketing in schools is a complex issue with many players. In this case, students are the most important players because schools are public institutions and schools are supposed to make students a top priority. Marketing in schools can not stop on its own, it needs to be either strictly prohibited or at the very least limited by the government.

Technology and Its Impact on Society - 1082 Words

Technology and its impact on society In this paper I will talk about the topic that technology will eventually destroy the entire civilization, since people are greedy and the revenge of nature. Technology s advantages and disadvantages are a subject of constant discussion. Those who are against technology have the opinion that technology harms people and will ultimately ruin human civilization. Threats to the environment are pollution, resource depletion, greenhouse gas, and nuclear power abuse. Those who find technology advantageous, on the other hand, argue that technology benefits people. For example, the internet facilitates the communication between the diversity groups of people. Genetics increase people s lives and cure†¦show more content†¦Look around our world and think what people have done to the nature. We know that everyday two species in the world disappear. We also know the greenhouse gas lets the glacier of the South Pole melt. Moreover, the tropical rain forest is continuous decreasing; fertil e soil turns into desert rapidly; garbage produce at a high speed rate; water s quality is decreasing speedily; the resource and energy are continuously dried up; various strange disease are prevailing over the world. Nature cannot bear human s brutality. It begins to revenge to human. Look back what happen in 2005. We will find out that hurricanes makes larger damage than in other years. Earthquake let thousands people died and lose their homes. Bird flu and aids are prevailing at that time. I believe that nature balances everything on the earth. Nature is the judge on the earth. It has its own law. No one can break it, even are humans. Compared to nature, humans are too insignificant. However, humans crankiness and greedy let them neglect nature s power. We should not ignore that other creatures also have spirits. They will complain humans crime to nature. Nature will give humans some punishments such as hurricanes and earthquake. At this time, people feel despairing and helpless, and begin to fear the revenge of nature. However, humans neverShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Society : Impact Of Technology On Society1511 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Technology has impacted people, businesses and society as a whole. The roles that technology has played on communication, business and education have been more than impactful. As the power of computers continue to increase with help from databases, social networking and businesses, it adds an increase to office productivity compared to using typewriters, and filing cabinets. Although there are plenty of good things about technology, the way we use it determines if it impacts are positiveRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Society : Technology1281 Words   |  6 PagesImpact Of Technology On Society Technology, without a doubt has an impact on society. 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They’re endless demands as consumers of technology, people use technology to accomplish simple tasks every day. Technology’s used in business, educationRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Society1087 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is one of the biggest advancement in the history of our universe, and the powers of it are good and bad. People mainly gain from the use of technology and its many uses. Without technology today, the world would be a much, much different place because of the major setback in communication and other activities and resources. The things that technology impacts are family, education, and health. Family is one area technology impacts life in general. â€Å"88% of Americans adults haveRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Society1343 Words   |  6 PagesFrom over ten thousand years ago to what is now the Information Age, technology has grown significantly and affected not just one individual, but the whole world. 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This technological growth happening in the world is increasingly rapid, with new advancements being made with each passing day. It has become an integral part in almost every person’s live, whether they realize it or not. Many find these technological advances to be beneficial and necessary to life, while some see it as simply a distraction. Whatever opinion held, it can

The History of Prohibition in the United States

Prohibition was a period of nearly 14 years of U.S. history (1920 to 1933) in which the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquor were made illegal. It was a time characterized by speakeasies, glamor, and gangsters and a period of time in which even the average citizen broke the law. Interestingly,  Prohibition (sometimes referred to as the Noble Experiment) led to the first and only time an Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was repealed. Temperance Movements After the American Revolution, drinking was on the rise. To combat this, a number of societies were organized as part of a new Temperance movement, which attempted to dissuade people from becoming intoxicated. At first, these organizations pushed moderation, but after several decades, the movements focus changed to complete prohibition of alcohol consumption. The Temperance movement blamed alcohol for many of societys ills, especially crime and murder. Saloons, a social haven for men who lived in the still untamed West, were viewed by many, especially women, as a place of debauchery and evil. Prohibition, members of the Temperance movement urged, would stop husbands from spending all the family income on alcohol and prevent accidents in the workplace caused by workers who drank during lunch. The 18th Amendment Passes At the beginning of the 20th century, there were Temperance organizations in nearly every state. By 1916, over half of the U.S. states already had statutes that prohibited alcohol. In 1919, the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibited the sale and manufacture of alcohol, was ratified. It went into effect on January 16, 1920—beginning the era known as Prohibition. The Volstead Act While it was the 18th Amendment that established Prohibition, it was the Volstead Act (passed on October 28, 1919) that clarified the law. The Volstead Act stated that beer, wine, or other intoxicating malt or vinous liquors meant any beverage that was more than 0.5% alcohol by volume. The Act also stated that owning any item designed to manufacture alcohol was illegal and it set specific fines and jail sentences for violating Prohibition. Loopholes There were, however, several loopholes for people to legally drink during Prohibition. For instance, the 18th Amendment did not mention the actual drinking of liquor. Also, since Prohibition went into effect a full year after the 18th Amendments ratification, many people bought cases of then-legal alcohol and stored them for personal use. The Volstead Act allowed alcohol consumption if it was prescribed by a doctor. Needless to say, large numbers of new prescriptions were written for alcohol. Gangsters and Speakeasies For people who didnt buy cases of alcohol in advance or know a good doctor, there were illegal ways to drink during Prohibition. A new breed of gangster arose during this period. These people took notice of the amazingly high level of demand for alcohol within society and the extremely limited avenues of supply to the average citizen. Within this imbalance of supply and demand, gangsters saw a profit. Al Capone in Chicago is one of the most famous gangsters of this time period. These gangsters would hire men to smuggle in rum from the Caribbean (rumrunners) or hijack whiskey from Canada and bring it into the U.S. Others would buy large quantities of liquor made in homemade stills. The gangsters would then open up secret bars (speakeasies) for people to come in, drink, and socialize. During this period, newly hired Prohibition agents were responsible for raiding speakeasies, finding stills, and arresting gangsters, but many of these agents were underqualified and underpaid, leading to a high rate of bribery. Attempts to Repeal the 18th Amendment Almost immediately after the ratification of the 18th Amendment, organizations formed to repeal it. As the perfect world promised by the Temperance movement failed to materialize, more people joined the fight to bring back liquor. The anti-Prohibition movement gained strength as the 1920s progressed, often stating that the question of alcohol consumption was a local issue and not something that should be in the Constitution. Additionally, the Stock Market Crash in 1929 and the beginning of the Great Depression started changing peoples opinion. People needed jobs. The government needed money. Making alcohol legal again would open up many new jobs for citizens and additional sales taxes for the government. The 21st Amendment Is Ratified On December 5, 1933, the 21st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified. The 21st Amendment repealed the 18th Amendment, making alcohol once again legal. This was the first and only time in U.S. history that an Amendment has been repealed.

Business Effectiveness Indicator Of New Zealand Drug...

Gwen R. Manzo DIPHAM 703 - Assessment 1 BUSINESS EFFECTIVENESS INDICATOR OF NEW ZEALAND DRUG FOUNDATION AS A NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION AND DOUGLAS MANUFACTURING LIMITED AS A PROFIT ORGANIZATION Executive Summary The content of this paper is about how to analyze the service delivery, marketing, public relations and financial system, utilized by the New Zealand Drug Foundation as a nonprofit organization and Douglas Manufacturing Limited as profit organization. Introduction The New Zealand Drug Foundation also known as (NZDF) is one of the organization withstand in debates for more 20 years now. They have a strong advocacy for policy and practices based on the evidence available. They are supported by the government funding, corporate and private grants and donations. While Douglas Manufacturing Limited is one of the leading-edge of New Zealand manufacturing industry mainly because of a strong customer relationships and a remarkable product quality management. Body Part A PRODUCT / SERVICE DELIVERY It is called a service delivery when providing service to the consumer (Kelley, Donnelly Jr Skinner 1990). New Zealand Drug Foundation has been working with services such providing support alcohol and drug workers and New Zealand communities. They provide public services that includes web information, training workshops, health promotion and education. In Douglas Manufacturing Limited includes contract manufacturing and detailed services for several countries around theShow MoreRelatedImpact of Social Advertising in India1852 Words   |  8 Pageshealth and well being by ensuring the ads that educate people and create awarness about drugs, diseases and other social prime issues in the country. It is otherwise called as ‘non-product’ advertising also. It means advertising various ideas which are not directly for the promotion or sell of the products or commercial services. 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Global Health Report Card †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 2.1. Child Mortality Rate.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MorePromotional Exam Econs10149 Words   |  41 PagesExaminations Revision Package 2011 Contents Section A: Case Studies 1. 2007 TPJC Prelims H1 Paper CSQ1: China’s Water Woes 2. 2007 GCE A-Level Paper H1 CSQ1: International Tourism (covered in Lecture) 3. 2008 CJC Prelims H1 Paper CSQ1: The Illegal Drug Market 4. 2009 RVHS Year 5 End of Year Exams Paper CSQ1: Challenges of the Agricultural Sector Section B: Essays 1. 2006 SAJC H1 Final Exams: Application of Demand and Supply – Price Control 2. 2008 SRJC H1 Prelims: Market Failure 3. 2008 A LevelsRead MoreCultural Competency Definitions8081 Words   |  33 Pagesinteraction between members is determined by shared values operating at an unconscious or ‘take for granted’ level. Many groups have their own distinctive culture: the elderly, the poor, professional groups, gangs, the army . 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The Stupidest Angel Chapter 19 Free Essays

Chapter 19 UP ON THE ROOFTOP, CLICK, CLICK, CLICK This is what it’s all been about, thought Ben Miller as he climbed into the tiny bell tower atop the chapel. It had taken ten minutes to saw through the painted-closed seams of the hatch with the bread knife, but finally he’d made it, thrown the latch, and crawled from the top of the Christmas tree into the bell tower. There was just enough room to stand, his feet on narrow ledges around the hatch. We will write a custom essay sample on The Stupidest Angel Chapter 19 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thankfully, the bell had been taken away a long time ago. The bell tower was enclosed by louvered vents and the wind whistled through like there was nothing there at all. He was pretty sure he could kick through the vents, hundred-year-old wood, after all, then make his way across the steep roof, drop off whichever side looked safe, and make it to the parking lot and the red Explorer he was holding the keys for. Thirty miles south to the highway-patrol post and help would be on the way. All of the years after high school and college when he had continued to train, all the hours of roadwork, all the weights and swimming and high-protein diets, it all came down to this moment. Keeping himself in shape all these years when no one really seemed to care would finally pay off. Anything out there that he couldn’t outrun, he could take out with a lowered shoulder. (He’d played one season as a jay-vee halfback in addition to his varsity track career.) â€Å"You okay, Ben?† Theo yelled from below. â€Å"Yeah. I’m ready.† He took a deep breath, braced his back against one side of the bell tower, then kicked at the louvered slats on the opposite side. They broke away on the first kick and he was nearly launched out on the roof feetfirst. He fought to get his balance – turned around on his stomach and scooted backward out the opening onto the roof. Facedown, he was looking down the length of the Christmas tree at a dozen hopeful faces below. â€Å"Hold tight. I’ll be back soon with help,† he said. Then he pushed back until he was on his hands and knees on the peak of the roof, cold wetness cutting everywhere he touched. â€Å"Please, bitch,† came a voice from right by Ben’s ear. He jumped sideways, and started to slide down the roof. Something caught his sweater, pulling him back, then something hard and cold was pressed against his forehead. The last thing he heard was Santa saying, â€Å"Pretty fucking tricky for a jock.† Below, in the chapel, they heard the gunshot. Dale Pearson held the dead track star by the back of the collar, thinking, Eat now, or save it for after the massacre? Below him on the ground, the rest of the undead were begging for treats. Warren Talbot, the landscape painter, had made his way halfway up the pine-tree trunk that Dale had used to climb up on the roof. â€Å"Please, please, please, please,† said Warren. â€Å"I’m so hungry.† Dale shrugged and let go of Ben Miller’s collar, then gave the body a shove with his boot, sending it sliding down the roof and off the side to the hungry mob. Warren looked behind him at where the body had fallen, then at Dale. â€Å"You bastard. Now I’ll never get any.† Disgusting sucking sounds were rising from below. â€Å"Yeah, well, the quick and the dead, Warren. The quick and the dead.† The dead painter slid back down his tree and out of sight. Dale had some revenge to take. He stuck his head inside the bell tower and looked down at the horrified faces below. The wiry little biologist was climbing up the Christmas tree toward the open hatch. â€Å"Come on up,† screamed Dale. â€Å"We haven’t even gotten to the main course.† Dale spotted his ex-wife, Lena, staring up, and the blond guy who had charged them with the buffet table had his arm around her. â€Å"Die, slut!† Dale let go of the edge of the bell tower and aimed the .38 down the Christmas tree at Lena. He saw her eyes go wide, then something hit him in the face, something furry and sharp. Claws cut into his cheeks and scratched at his eyes. He grabbed for his attacker and in doing so lost his balance and fell backward. He slid down the side of the roof and off the edge onto his feasting minions. â€Å"Roberto!† Tuck yelled. â€Å"Get back in here.† â€Å"He’s gone,† said Theo. â€Å"He’s outside.† Tuck started to climb up the Christmas tree behind Gabe. â€Å"I’ll get him. Let me come up and call him.† Theo grabbed the pilot around the waist and pulled him back. â€Å"Close and lock the hatch, Gabe.† â€Å"No,† Tuck said. Gabe Fenton looked down briefly, then his eyes went wide when he realized how high above the floor he was. He quickly pushed the bell-tower hatch shut and latched it. â€Å"He’ll be okay,† said Lena. â€Å"He got away.† Gabe Fenton backed down the Christmas tree. When he got to the lower branches, he felt some hands at his waist, steadying him down the last few steps. When he hit the floor, he turned around into Valerie Riordan’s arms. He pushed away so as not to smudge her makeup. She pulled him out of the branches of the tree. â€Å"Gabe,† she said. â€Å"You know when I said you weren’t engaged in the real world?† â€Å"Yeah.† â€Å"I’m sorry.† â€Å"Okay.† â€Å"I just wanted you to know that. In case our brains are eaten by zombies without me having a chance to say it.† â€Å"That means a lot to me, Val. Can I kiss you?† â€Å"No, sweetheart, I left my purse in the car and don’t have any lipstick to touch up. But we can knock out one last stand-up quickie in the basement before we die if you’d like.† She smiled. â€Å"What about the kid at the Thrifty-Mart?† â€Å"Squirrel porn?† She raised a perfectly drawn eyebrow. He took her by the hand. â€Å"Yes, I think I’d like that,† he said, leading her to the back room and the stairs. â€Å"What’s that smell?† Theo Crowe said, remarkably glad to turn his attention away from Gabe and Val. â€Å"Anybody smell that? Tell me that’s not –  » Skinner was sniffing the air and whimpering. â€Å"What is that?† Nacho Nunez was following the smell to one of the barricaded windows. â€Å"It’s coming from over here.† â€Å"Gasoline,† said Lena. How to cite The Stupidest Angel Chapter 19, Essay examples

Art invades craft Essay Example For Students

Art invades craft Essay Another typical sequence of change occurs when members of an established world already generally defined as â€Å"art,† people involved in the typical ac tivities and ideologies of a contemporary art world, invade (and the military metaphor is appropriate) an established craft world and especially its art segment. The sequence begins when some fine artists look for new media in which to explore a current expressive problem. These artists happen on one of the crafts and see in its materials and techniques a potential for artistic exploitation. They see a way to do something that will interest the art world to which they are oriented and to which they respond. They have no interest in the conventional standard of practical utility; their notion of   beauty is likely to be very different from and â€Å"more advanced† than that of the craft they are invading and the kind of skill and control they are inter- ested in quite different from that prized by the more traditional practitioner. The new breed of artists in this craft produce altogether new standards, standards that are aggressively nonutilitarian. That is, they arc interested only in the utilities defined by the art world in which they participate. Art utilities typically include usefulness as objects of aesthetic contemplation, of collection and ostentatious display, and as items of investment and pecuniary gain. They do not include practical utilities defined by the pur- poses and organization of other worlds. Artists invading a craft want to make sure that the works they produce cannot be used as people have been ac- customed to using them. Robert Arneson, for example, one of the leading spirits in the movement which claimed pottery as a fine art field (Zack 1970), made a series of large plates, technically quite competent, whose utility was destroyed by the large brick which sat in the middle of each one, slowly sink- ing into the surface as the series progressed. In another instance, a group of artists gained control of a ceramic department in an art school. The new chairman announced decisively that from then on they would make no high-firc pottery in the department. His point was that they would no longer make clay objects tliat had any utility, because only high-fire pottery will hold water and thus be useful for domestic purposes: cups, glasses, dishes, vases, and so on. By insisting that only low-fire pottery be made, he in effect announced that what they would do from then on was some version of contemporary sculpture. Lest anyone miss the point, he elaborated by saying, â€Å"We are not going to make any vessels.†Ã‚   Just as the standard of utility is devalued, so too arc old craft standards of skill. What the older artist-craftsman has spent a lifetime learning to do just so is suddenly hardly worth doing. People are doing his work in the sloppiest possible way and being thought superior to him just because of it. Instead of adhering to the conventional craft criteria, which of course turn up in somewhat different form, the artists who enter a craft field pro pose, rely on, and organize their own work according to criteria characteristic of worlds conventionally defined as high art. For instance, in the art versions of any of these media, uniqueness of the object is prized. Artists and their publics think that no two objects produced by an artist should be alike. But for good craftsmen that is not a consideration; indeed it is thought a mark of the artist-craftsman’s control that he can make things as much alike as he does. People who pay $200 for a small, beautifully turned bowl will not feel cheated if they find there is another more or less like it. What they bought exhibits the virtuoso craftsmanship they paid for. But if they had bought the same bowl on the assumption that it was a unique work of art, they would feel enormously cheated to find that there were two. So artists who work in these media sell their conception and its execution in that   medium and take care to be obvious about how each of their pieces differs from all the others. No one wants to buy a copy from an artist, only from a craftsman. .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976 , .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976 .postImageUrl , .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976 , .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976:hover , .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976:visited , .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976:active { border:0!important; } .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976:active , .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976 .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8cb3f1921fd2c3618ec5691a1d472976:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mary Cassatt The Bath, 1892 Oil on Canvas, 39 x 26" The Art Institute of Chicago EssayThe new standards artists create insure that a work’s only utility will be as art: to be admired, appreciated, and experienced. The artists denounce the â€Å"mere virtuosity† of the old school of craftsmen. They discover and create a conscious continuity with work in other areas of art, especially in the traditional areas of painting and sculpture. They announce their inde pendence of others’ ideas of what their work should consists of and denounce any attempt to fasten on them the requirements of utility. What they do usually requires a great deal of skill and contr ol, but the skills needed are usually of a deliberately different kind from those prized by cither ordinary craftsmen or artistcraftsmen and often arc hidden as well. Marilyn Levine, for instance, has achieved a considerable reputation for ceramic sculptures of shoes, boots, and other leather objects which look so much like real leather that you have to tap them and hear the ring to be convinced that they are clay; they work in part because of the contradiction between what they look like and what they arc made of. Indeed it becomes a virtue not to display conventional craft virtuosity, and the artist may deliberately create crudities (the making of the crudities may itself involve considerable virtu osity, though not the same kind as that of the craftsman), either for their shock value or to show that he is free of that particular set of conventional constraints. Defining their work as art, the artists who adopt craft materials and tech niques create and accommodate themselves to a different social organization from that which grows up around a craft. Craft organization subordinates the craftsman to an employer, at whose insistence and for whose purposes the work is done. But the contemporary folk definition of art presumes that the artist works for no one, that the work is produced in response to prob lems intrinsic in the development of the art and freely chosen by the artist. Organizationally, of course, the artist is no such heroic individualist: he operates in a setting of institutional constraints which vary from time to time and place to place. Some art worlds operated through a system of church and royal patronage in which the artist found it expedient to take account of the tastes and desires of noted patrons. Contemporary artists, enmeshed in a world of collectors, galleries, and museums, typically produce with no particular purchaser in mind and expect their work to be marketed through the conventional apparatus of dealers and museums, the purchaser exercising control by buying or refusing to buy. Whatever the organizational form, the folk definition further presumes that these purchasers and inter- mediaries arc as concerned as the artist with the utilities defined by the art world and therefore with problems and topics defined within rather than outside the current art world. These presumptions are often violated, but they are the model to which artists orient themselves. Fine art photographers, for example, do a greater variety of work, less constrained by the requirements of organizations in which they work, than do those who work in such craftoriented areas as advertising and fashion photography or photojournalism (Rosenblum 1973). Artists working in con- ventional craft media are similarly relatively freer than artist-craftsmen who work in the same media, both in the diversity of objects they make and in the variety and whimsicality of the ideological explanations they offer for their work. The objects typically display great continuity with current trends in such contemporary high art worlds as painting and sculpture, and the talk both calls attention to that continuity and displays at least superficial in difference to being intelligible or rational. I take this latter characteristic to express a posture of indifference to public acceptance characteristic of many contemporary artists. Here are some examples. Arneson has made many pieces which are in fact sculpture: a typewriter, somewhat sagged out of shape and rough around the edges, whose keys represent red painted fingernails a series of self-portraits, smoking a cigar or with the skull opened to reveal various contents; an enormous table covered with dishes of food, standing in front of a life-sized portrait of the artist in a chef’s hat, all glazed a pure unrelieved white. To an observer familiar with the con- ventions of contemporary sculpture and ceramics, these pieces look not quite like sculpture but m ore like ceramics. Aggressively not utilitarian pottery, they nevertheless call attention to themselves as pottery through the rough modeling of the clay and the gaudy glazes. Some of their effect lies in the ambiguity so created. Other pieces are utilitarian in principle but not quite in fact. An example is Arneson’s teapot whose spout is a realistically modeled penis; you can pour tea from it, but not for everyone.